Ol 'quartz crystals', bikos long narakain 'piezoelectric effect' bilong ol, i save mekim bikpela wok long planti kain wok. Ol wok bilong ol i karamapim planti kain kain 'high-tech sekta, olsem ilektroniks, komyunikesen, na 'aerospace'.
Ol 'Quartz Crystal Oscillators'
Wanpela 'quartz crystal oscillator' i yusim wanpela 'quartz crystal' olsem as bilong wanpela 'resonant frequency-selective circuit. Dispela 'oscillator' em ol i wokim long rot bilong katim stret wanpela 'quartz crystal' i go long ol liklik hap na pasim ol ain plet long pes bilong en. Wok bilong en i kamap long 'inverse piezoelectric effect': ol 'quartz crystals' i save seksek aninit long strong bilong wanpela 'alternating electric field'. Bikos wanwan 'quartz crystal' i gat wanpela 'natural vibration frequency', 'resonance' i save kamap taim wanpela 'apply electric field' i wankain olsem dispela 'frequency'. Dispela pasin i mekim ol 'quartz crystals' i kamap gutpela samting bilong ol 'high-precision resonant frequency-selective circuits. Ol 'quartz crystal oscillators', bikos ol i gat gutpela 'frequency stability', ol i save mekim bikpela wok long planti samting, olsem ol standet 'frequency generators', 'pulse counters', na 'quartz clocks'.
2. Quartz Crystal Microbalance
Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) em i wanpela instramen we i yusim 'piezoelectric effect' bilong 'quartz crystal' long skelim ol senis long 'electrode surface mass'. Stat long taim ol i bin kamapim long stat bilong 1960s, em i kamap wanpela strongpela tul bilong 'nanogram-level mass detection bikos em i gat bikpela sensitiviti tru. As tingting bilong en em olsem senis long pes bilong 'quartz crystal electrode' bai senis i go long senis bilong 'frequency' bilong 'output electrical signal' bilong 'oscillation circuit'. Ol i save skelim dispela proses long ol narapela ikwipmen olsem ol kompyuta long kisim ol gutpela skelim risal. Olsem na, 'quartz crystal microbalance' i save mekim bikpela wok long planti wok olsem marasin, kemikel indastri, kaikai, 'biomedicine', envairomen monitoring, indastri na ami.
3. Piezoelectric biosensor
(1) Piezoelectric immunosensor
Wok bilong 'piezoelectric immunosensor' em long pasim ol 'antibodies' o 'antigens' antap long 'quartz crystal' na yusim 'specific affinity reaction' namel long 'antigen' na 'antibody'. Taim 'antigen' o 'antibody' we ol i laik skelim i wok wantaim 'fixed recognition substance' na kamapim 'specific adsorption', 'surface mass load' bilong 'crystal' bai go antap. Dispela senis i ken kamap long rot bilong senis bilong 'frequency' bilong sensa, na long dispela rot ol i ken painimaut hamas 'antibody' o 'antigen' i stap insait long en.
(2) Piezoelectric gene sensor
As tingting bilong 'piezoelectric gene sensor' bilong painim DNA em long pasim 'single-stranded DNA probe' antap long 'crystal surface'. Taim DNA 'sequence' we ol i laik painim i komplimentari long en, 'hybridization reaction' i save kamap long 'chip' na kamapim 'double-stranded DNA. Dispela proses bai mekim 'crystal mass' i go antap na senis long 'surface viscoelasticity'. Ol dispela senis i ken kamap long senis bilong frikwensi bilong sensa na netwok analisis.