Ol mak bilong wanpela 'voltage-controlled oscillator i stap long wanpela 'curve' (Piksa 1) we i soim rilesensip namel long 'output angular frequency ω0' na 'input control voltage' uc. Insait long piksa, angular frikwensi ω0,0 taim uc i zero ol i kolim fri-runing angular frikwensi; 'slope K0' bilong 'curve' long ω0,0 ol i kolim 'control sensitivity'. Insait long ol samting bilong toktok o skelim ol samting, 'input control voltage' em i signal we ol i mas salim o skelim (moduleting signal).
Ol i save kolim wanpela 'voltage-controlled oscillator olsem 'frequency modulator', na ol i save yusim long kamapim wanpela 'frequency-modulated signal. Insait long ol 'automatic frequency control loops' na 'phase-locked loops', 'input control voltage' em i 'error signal voltage', na 'voltage-controlled oscillator em i wanpela 'controlled component' insait long 'loop'.
Ol kain VCO em LC, RC, na kristal. Ol bikpela teknikel rikwaemen bilong ol 'voltage-controlled oscillators em gutpela 'frequency stability', bikpela 'control sensitivity', bikpela 'frequency modulation range', wanpela 'linear relationship' namel long 'frequency deviation' na 'control voltage', na isi bilong bungim. Ol 'crystal voltage-controlled oscillators i gat bikpela 'frequency stability' tasol i gat liklik 'frequency modulation range'; RC voltage-controlled oscillators i gat liklik 'frequency stability' tasol i gat bikpela 'frequency modulation range'; na ol LC voltej-ol 'oscillators' i save pundaun namel long tupela.